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+/* CRYPTO, a crypto-arithmetic puzzle */
+
+/* Written in GNU MathProg by Andrew Makhorin <mao@gnu.org> */
+
+/* This problem comes from the newsgroup rec.puzzle.
+ The numbers from 1 to 26 are assigned to the letters of the alphabet.
+ The numbers beside each word are the total of the values assigned to
+ the letters in the word (e.g. for LYRE: L, Y, R, E might be to equal
+ 5, 9, 20 and 13, or any other combination that add up to 47).
+ Find the value of each letter under the equations:
+
+ BALLET 45 GLEE 66 POLKA 59 SONG 61
+ CELLO 43 JAZZ 58 QUARTET 50 SOPRANO 82
+ CONCERT 74 LYRE 47 SAXOPHONE 134 THEME 72
+ FLUTE 30 OBOE 53 SCALE 51 VIOLIN 100
+ FUGUE 50 OPERA 65 SOLO 37 WALTZ 34
+
+ Solution:
+ A, B,C, D, E,F, G, H, I, J, K,L,M, N, O, P,Q, R, S,T,U, V,W, X, Y, Z
+ 5,13,9,16,20,4,24,21,25,17,23,2,8,12,10,19,7,11,15,3,1,26,6,22,14,18
+
+ Reference:
+ Koalog Constraint Solver <http://www.koalog.com/php/jcs.php>,
+ Simple problems, the crypto-arithmetic puzzle ALPHACIPHER. */
+
+set LETTERS :=
+{ 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M',
+ 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'
+};
+/* set of letters */
+
+set VALUES := 1..card(LETTERS);
+/* set of values assigned to the letters */
+
+set WORDS;
+/* set of words */
+
+param total{word in WORDS};
+/* total[word] is the total of the values assigned to the letters in
+ the word */
+
+var x{i in LETTERS, j in VALUES}, binary;
+/* x[i,j] = 1 means that letter i is assigned value j */
+
+s.t. phi{i in LETTERS}: sum{j in VALUES} x[i,j] = 1;
+
+s.t. psi{j in VALUES}: sum{i in LETTERS} x[i,j] = 1;
+
+s.t. eqn{word in WORDS}: sum{k in 1..length(word), j in VALUES}
+ j * x[substr(word,k,1), j] = total[word];
+
+solve;
+
+printf{i in LETTERS} " %s", i;
+printf "\n";
+
+printf{i in LETTERS} " %2d", sum{j in VALUES} j * x[i,j];
+printf "\n";
+
+data;
+
+param : WORDS : total :=
+ BALLET 45
+ CELLO 43
+ CONCERT 74
+ FLUTE 30
+ FUGUE 50
+ GLEE 66
+ JAZZ 58
+ LYRE 47
+ OBOE 53
+ OPERA 65
+ POLKA 59
+ QUARTET 50
+ SAXOPHONE 134
+ SCALE 51
+ SOLO 37
+ SONG 61
+ SOPRANO 82
+ THEME 72
+ VIOLIN 100
+ WALTZ 34 ;
+
+end;